Major Depressive Disorder-Causes, Genetic Factors, Symptoms
A major depressive episode occurs with symptoms that last for most of the day, nearly every day for at least two weeks. A symptom must either be 1) depressed mood or 2) a noticeable decrease in interest or pleasure in all or most activities.
Major depression is probably one of the most common forms of depression. You probably know a handful of people who suffer from it. The sufferer seems to walk around with the weight of the world on his or her shoulders. He or she seems disinterested in becoming involved in regular activities and seems convinced that he or she will always be in this hopeless state. There is a lack of interest in sexual activity and in appetite and a weight loss.
What Causes Major Depression
The dramatic success of antidepressant drug therapy for severe major depression has made many scientists question if depression has a strong biological, rather than psychological, basis. Thus many are questioning whether genetics or stress plays the major role in causing major depression. Recent research has shown that both play a major role in major depression.
Genetic Factors
Because depression runs in families, and has a strong genetic component, compelling evidence suggests that depression is a biologic phenomenon. Data from family, twin, adoption, and genetic studies have confirmed this. Studies have found that first-degree relatives of patients with depression are two to six times more likely to develop the problem than individuals without a family history.
Symptoms
1. Constant feelings of sadness, irritability, or tension
2. Decreased interest or pleasure in usual activities or hobbies
3. Loss of energy, feeling tired despite lack of activity
4. A change in appetite, with significant weight loss or weight gain
The characteristic signs and symptoms of major depression include loss of interest in activities that were once interesting or enjoyable, including sex; loss of appetite (anorexia) with weight loss or overeating with weight gain; loss of emotional expression (flat affect); a persistently sad, anxious or empty mood; feelings of hopelessness, pessimism, guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness; social withdrawal; unusual fatigue, low energy level, a feeling of being slowed down; sleep disturbance with insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping.
Risk Factors For Major Depression
Gender: In the United States, women are about as twice as likely as men to be diagnosed and treated for major depression. Approximately 20-25% of women and 12% of men will experience a serious depression at least once in their lifetimes. Among children, depression appears to occur in equal numbers of girls and boys. However, as girls reach adolescence, they tend to become more depressed than boys do. This gender difference continues into older age.
